Ergänzungen zur Übertragung, auch Insekten können eine Rolle spielen:
Means of Transmission
Ebola-Zaire is also the most contagious, infectious disease in the Ebola family. It can be transmitted from person-to-person directly and indirectly. The first direct means involves eating monkeys, fruit bats, chimpanzees, and other animals that host Ebola virus. The second direct means of transmission is through blood and bodily fluids of the symptom bearer.
The term “bodily fluids” means sweat, saliva, and semen transmitted to a healthy person through sexual contacts, kissing, and hugging by an Ebola symptom bearer. Other direct means of fluid contacts include sharing of household items such as spoons, plates, water cups, clothing, underclothes, toilet seats, bathing towels, and even bed-sharing with a symptom bearer.
Mosquito and insect bites as well as flies, mice, and cockroaches coming in contact with an Ebola symptom bearer, and also coming in contact with a healthy person have also shown to be a direct means of fluid contacts. The indirect fluid contact involves sneezing or coughing in the face of a healthy person by a symptom bearer. Contaminated equipment at health centers treating Ebola victims can also transmit virus to a healthy person.
http://theliberiandialogue.org/2014/08/02/ebola-crisis-prevention-awareness-education-is-the-only-cure/Entgegen der Verlautbarungen von behördlicher Seite aus, gibt es weitere Zweifel an der These, dass nur direkter Kontakt zu einer Infektion führe:
...it is not clear how Ebola is contracted. The events in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea are showing that contact with an infected person's bodily fluid or blood may not be the only means of transmission of the disease. This situation has indeed aggravated our nightmare.
http://allafrica.com/stories/201408070378.html#ixzz39gtjeDlYSehr interessant die Aussagen von Ken Isaacs, Vize-Präsident für Internationale Programme und Regierungsbeziehungen der Hilfs-Orga Samaritan's Purse der davon ausgeht, die veröffentlichten Zahlen über die Infizierten und Toten deckten nur
"25-50% der Realität ab".
http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA16/20140807/102607/HHRG-113-FA16-Wstate-IsaacsK-20140807.pdf (S. 3)
Mindestens 6 der bestätigten Fälle in Nigeria gehen wohl auf das Konto des liberianisch-amerikanischen Diplomaten Patrick Sawyer, der bis zur Untersuchung auf Ebola gelogen hatte, nicht infiziert zu sein. Als er nach positivem Test isoliert werden sollte, drehte er durch und bepisste die Helfer:
Barely 24 hours before his death, Patrick Sawyer had a rather strange - and in the words of medical and diplomatic sources here, “Indiscipline” encounter with nurses and health workers at First Consultants Hospital in Obalende, one of the most crowded parts of Lagos, a population of some 21 million inhabitants, FrontPageAfrica has learned.
Looking to get to the bottom of Sawyer’s strange ailment on the Asky Airline flight, which Sawyer transferred on in Togo, hospital officials say, he was tested for both malaria and HIV AIDS. However, when both tests came back negative, he was then asked whether he had made contact with any person with the Ebola Virus, to which Sawyer denied. Sawyer’s sister, Princess had died of the deadly virus on Monday, July 7, 2014 at the Catholic Hospital in Monrovia. On Friday, July 25, 2014, 18 days later, Sawyer died in Lagos.
Back in Lagos, authorities at the First Consultants Hospital in Obalende decided that despite Sawyer’s denial, they would test him for Ebola, due to the fact that he had just arrived from Liberia, where there has been an outbreak of the disease with more than 100 deaths.
The hospital issued a statement this week stating that Sawyer was quarantined immediately after he was discovered to have been infected with the deadly virus. In addition, a barrier nursing was implemented around Sawyer and the Lagos State Ministry of Health was immediately notified. Hospital authorities also requested the Federal Ministry of Health for additional laboratory test based on its suspicion of Ebola.
...upon being told he had Ebola, Mr. Sawyer went into a rage, denying and objecting to the opinion of the medical experts. “He was so adamant and difficult that he took the tubes from his body and took off his pants and urinated on the health workers, forcing them to flee.
The hospital would later report that it resisted immense pressure to let out Sawyer from its hospital against the insistence from some higher-ups and conference organizers that he had a key role to play at the ECOWAS convention in Calabar, the Cross River State capital.
http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/news/2506-sawyer-s-final-hours-in-lagos-indiscipline-rage-strange (Archiv-Version vom 06.08.2014)Die Anzahl der potenziell von Sawyer Angesteckten kann kaum abgeschätzt werden, zumal dazu noch diejenigen kommen, die wiederum Kontakt mit diesen Leuten hatten:
The government was following a total of 70 people who had primary contact with Sawyer, but the number of people being monitored is growing as the government tracks more people who were in contact with the six infected patients before they showed symptoms.
“It is possible in the first day, probably the second day, in the course of doing this, a lot of those health workers got infected,” Idris told reporters in Lagos. The doctors isolated him “immediately when they realized that ‘Oh this man came from Liberia.’ … That’s when they alerted us.” All of the people infected in Lagos had direct contact with Sawyer.
http://time.com/3089072/ebola-outbreak-nigeria-lagos/Ich denke, wir müssen mit einer deutlichen Verschlimmerung der Lage rechnen. Das Virus ist mittlerweile in allen Hauptstädten der betroffenen Staaten angekommen. Und da wundert es nicht, dass man die Zahl der Infizierten/Toten kaum fassen kann, wenn die in Sierra Leone einfach auf der Straße krepieren:
Some Ebola patients still die at the hospital, perhaps four per day, in the tentlike temporary isolation ward at the back of the muddy grounds. But just as many, if not more, are dying in the city and neighboring villages, greatly increasing the risk of spreading the disease and undermining international efforts to halt the epidemic.
“People don’t die here now,” said the deputy chief of the hospital’s burying team, Albert J. Mattia, exasperated after a long day of Ebola burials. “They are dying in the community, five, six a day.” Mr. Mattia was particularly disturbed that many of the bodies his team were putting in the ground had come from outside the hospital, thwarting attempts to isolate patients and prevent them from passing the disease to others.
(...)
Dead bodies have been appearing on the streets and in houses throughout Monrovia, with people staging roadblocks to ensure that health workers remove them. But with hospitals closed in the capital, it was unclear how many of the victims had died of Ebola, or from other causes.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/08/world/africa/dont-touch-the-walls-ebola-fears-infect-hospital.html?&_r=2
