geeky schrieb:Du kannst oder willst also auch weiterhin nicht einsehen, daß weder die Behauptung von @nocheinPoet noch dein hilfloser Rechtfertigungsversuch "Fakten" darstellen?
Du bist echt zu spät, ich habe das vor Monaten geschrieben, da hätte ich die Quellen zur Hand gehabt. Vermutlich würde ich sie auch jetzt noch finden, wenn ich länger suche, aber warum sollte ich das? Die Dinge sind klar, dass sind keine Fakes, sondern Fakten.
Und es spielt nicht mal eine Rolle, solche Dinge werden ganz sicher in Verträgen dingfest gemacht, und nicht weil irgendwer zu irgendwem mal irgendeinen Satz gesagt hat.
Wenn Du Zug fährst, brauchst Du einen Fahrschein, kauf mal was ein, solche wichtigen Dinge würden und werden von vielen ausgearbeitet, dann gibt es Verträge, dass kann noch mal hin und her gehen, wenn man sich dann einig ist, werden die unterzeichnet.
Und Fakt ist, Du kannst hier keinen Vertrag zeigen, der so etwas auch nur im Ansatz belegt. Mag Dir so richtig gegen den Strich gehen, weil Du so auf der Sachebene nicht punkten kannst, und hier nun einfach versuchst zu streiten.
Keine Ahnung was Dich treibt, und noch ein Tipp, Russland ist ja das Land der Freiheit, einfach mal von der Frau von Derek Huffman von beraten lassen.

„Anti-woke“ Vater zog mit seiner Familie nach Russland und ist nun gezwungen, in Putins Krieg zu ...
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https://www.fr.de/politik/nach-flucht-vor-wokeness-us-amerikaner-von-putin-an-die-ukraine-front-geschickt-zr-93848674.html
Mir ist auch nicht wirklich klar, was Dein Gezappel hier genau soll, also ich vermute es, aber formuliere es doch mal bitte konkret aus. Was genau ist Deine Agenda, Deine Aussage, die Fakten, die Du uns hier verkaufen willst?
Die "Russen" hatten von der "NATO" das Versprechen, die Zusage,
nocheinPoet schrieb am 07.03.2025:... die NATO werde sich nicht einen Zoll nach Osten ausdehnen.
Und dann wurde das Versprechen gebrochen? Und weil das ja so gemein und böse und verlogen und hinterhältig war, relativiert es alles was Russland so treibt, legitimiert den Angriff auf die Ukraine, Russland wurde ja regelrecht gezwungen, so viele böse Nazis da drüben, und diese gefährliche NATO, die überall ja souveräne Staaten angreift, da muss man doch Putin mal verstehen.
Ernsthaft, dass ist so lächerlich und peinlich, mal angesehen, was Russland so der Ukraine versprochen hat, vertraglich?
Weil ich einfach nicht wieder mal hier Stunden und mehr an Lebenszeit für Dinge verbrennen will, die hier redundant immer und immer wieder erklärt werden, hab ich das mal eben von Grok zusammenfassen lassen. Und ja, es ist ein wenig mehr Text, aber einfach gehalten und Obacht, es ist mit Fakten belegt, man kann das nachschlagen und nachlesen.
Einführung
Die Frage, ob die NATO ein Versprechen gegeben habe, sich „nicht einen Zoll nach Osten ausdehnen“ zu lassen, ist ein kontroverses Thema, das oft in Diskussionen über die Beziehungen zwischen Russland und dem Westen auftaucht. Insbesondere pro-russische Stimmen behaupten, dass die NATO dieses Versprechen gebrochen habe, indem sie sich in osteuropäische Länder erweiterte. Diese Analyse untersucht die historische Grundlage dieser Behauptung, insbesondere die Aussage, dass die „nicht einen Zoll“-Bemerkung sich auf Ostdeutschland (DDR) bezog und nicht auf Osteuropa. Die Analyse basiert auf deklassifizierten Dokumenten, Aussagen von Zeitzeugen wie Mikhail Gorbachev und Expertenanalysen.
Historischer Kontext
Im Jahr 1990, während der Verhandlungen zur deutschen Wiedervereinigung, fanden intensive Gespräche zwischen westlichen und sowjetischen Führern statt. Diese Verhandlungen, bekannt als die „Zwei-plus-Vier“-Gespräche (die beiden deutschen Staaten, die USA, die Sowjetunion, Großbritannien und Frankreich), konzentrierten sich auf die Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands und die Rolle der NATO in einem vereinten Deutschland. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt existierte der Warschauer Pakt noch, und eine Erweiterung der NATO in andere osteuropäische Länder war kein Thema.
Am 9. Februar 1990 traf US-Außenminister James Baker den sowjetischen Präsidenten Mikhail Gorbachev und versicherte ihm, dass, sollte die USA ihre Präsenz in Deutschland im Rahmen der NATO beibehalten, „kein Zoll der derzeitigen militärischen Jurisdiktion der NATO nach Osten ausgedehnt würde“ (National Security Archive). Diese Aussage bezog sich speziell auf die Stationierung von NATO-Truppen in der ehemaligen DDR nach der Wiedervereinigung. Ähnliche Zusicherungen kamen von anderen westlichen Führern, darunter der deutsche Außenminister Hans-Dietrich Genscher und Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl.
Gorbachev’s Aussagen
Mikhail Gorbachev, der sowjetische Präsident während dieser Verhandlungen, bestätigte in einem Interview von 2014, dass „das Thema der NATO-Erweiterung damals überhaupt nicht diskutiert wurde und in jenen Jahren nicht angesprochen wurde“ (Brookings Institution). Er betonte, dass die Zusicherungen sich ausschließlich auf die Nicht-Stationierung von NATO-Truppen und militärischen Strukturen in der ehemaligen DDR bezogen. Diese Aussage wird durch deklassifizierte Dokumente gestützt, die zeigen, dass die Gespräche auf die deutsche Wiedervereinigung fokussiert waren.
Der „Zwei-plus-Vier“-Vertrag
Der Vertrag über die abschließende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland, unterzeichnet am 12. September 1990, enthält spezifische Bestimmungen zur Stationierung von NATO-Truppen in der ehemaligen DDR. Artikel 5 des Vertrags legt fest:
- Bis zum Abzug der sowjetischen Truppen aus der DDR dürfen nur deutsche territoriale Verteidigungseinheiten, die nicht in die NATO integriert sind, in der ehemaligen DDR stationiert werden.
- Nach dem Abzug der sowjetischen Truppen dürfen deutsche NATO-zugehörige Truppen in der ehemaligen DDR stationiert werden, jedoch keine ausländischen Truppen oder nuklearen Waffensysteme.
- Es gab keine Erwähnung einer Einschränkung der NATO-Erweiterung in andere osteuropäische Länder (LSE Blogs).
Russische Narrative
Die Behauptung, dass die NATO ein Versprechen gebrochen habe, sich nicht nach Osten auszudehnen, wurde von russischen Politikern wie Boris Jelzin und Wladimir Putin wiederholt aufgegriffen. Jelzin bezeichnete die NATO-Erweiterung 1993 als „illegal“, und Putin sprach 2007 und 2014 von einem „Verrat“ des Westens (LSE Blogs). Diese Narrative dienen oft dazu, russische Aktionen, wie die Annexion der Krim 2014 oder die Invasion der Ukraine 2022, zu rechtfertigen. Historische Analysen, wie die von Kristina Spohr, zeigen jedoch, dass diese Behauptungen auf einer Fehlinterpretation der Verhandlungen von 1990 basieren.
Expertenanalysen
Experten wie Mark Kramer und Kristina Spohr haben deklassifizierte Dokumente analysiert und festgestellt, dass keine verbindlichen Zusagen gemacht wurden, die eine NATO-Erweiterung in osteuropäische Länder verhindern würden. Kramer betont in einem Artikel von 2009, dass die „nicht einen Zoll“-Aussage sich ausschließlich auf Ostdeutschland bezog (CSIS). Spohr argumentiert, dass die Existenz des Warschauer Pakts im Jahr 1990 die Diskussion über eine NATO-Erweiterung in andere Länder irrelevant machte (LSE Blogs).
Die NATO-Erweiterung
Nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion 1991 und dem Ende des Warschauer Pakts begannen osteuropäische Länder wie Polen, Ungarn und die Tschechische Republik, eine NATO-Mitgliedschaft anzustreben. Die NATO verfolgt eine „offene Tür“-Politik, die es Ländern erlaubt, selbst über eine Mitgliedschaft zu entscheiden. 1997 lud die NATO Polen, Ungarn und die Tschechische Republik ein, der Allianz beizutreten, gefolgt von weiteren Ländern wie Bulgarien, Estland, Lettland, Litauen, Rumänien, Slowakei und Slowenien im Jahr 2004 (EU vs Disinfo). Diese Erweiterungen wurden von Russland als Verletzung eines angeblichen Versprechens dargestellt, obwohl keine schriftliche oder verbindliche Zusage existierte.
Wichtige Ereignisse und Aussagen zur NATO-Erweiterung
Datum | Ereignis/Aussage | Quelle | 9. Februar 1990 | James Baker versichert Gorbachev, dass die NATO ihre Jurisdiktion nicht „einen Zoll nach Osten“ ausdehnt (bezogen auf die DDR). | National Security Archive |
12. September 1990 | Unterzeichnung des „Zwei-plus-Vier“-Vertrags, der die Stationierung von NATO-Truppen in der DDR regelt. | UN Treaties |
2014 | Gorbachev bestätigt, dass die NATO-Erweiterung 1990 nicht diskutiert wurde. | Brookings Institution |
1997 | NATO lädt Polen, Ungarn und die Tschechische Republik ein, der Allianz beizutreten. | EU vs Disinfo |
2007, 2014 | Putin spricht von einem „Verrat“ des Westens durch die NATO-Erweiterung. | LSE Blogs |
Fazit
Die Aussage, dass die NATO ein Versprechen gegeben habe, sich „nicht einen Zoll nach Osten ausdehnen“ zu lassen, bezieht sich ausschließlich auf die Stationierung von NATO-Truppen in Ostdeutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung. Es gibt keine Beweise für ein formelles oder verbindliches Versprechen, die NATO-Erweiterung in andere osteuropäische Länder zu verhindern. Mikhail Gorbachev und deklassifizierte Dokumente bestätigen, dass dieses Thema 1990 nicht diskutiert wurde. Die Behauptung eines gebrochenen Versprechens ist eine Fehlinterpretation, die oft in russischen Narrativen verwendet wird, um geopolitische Spannungen zu rechtfertigen. Ihre Aussage, dass die „nicht einen Zoll“-Bemerkung sich auf die DDR bezog, ist korrekt und durch historische Quellen belegt.
Quelle:
https://grok.com/Quellen:
SpoilerSuchergebnisse
NATO Expansion: What Gorbachev Heard | National Security Archive
Even with (unjustified) redactions by U.S. classification officers, this American transcript of perhaps the most famous U.S. assurance to the Soviets on NATO expansion confirms the Soviet transcript of the same conversation. Repeating what Bush said at the Malta summit in December 1989, Baker tells Gorbachev: “The President and I have made clear that we seek no unilateral advantage in this process” of inevitable German unification. Baker goes on to say, “We understand the need for assurances to the countries in the East. If we maintain a presence in a Germany that is a part of NATO, there would be no extension of NATO’s jurisdiction for forces of NATO one inch to the east.” Later in the conversation, Baker poses the same position as a question, “would you prefer a united Germany outside of NATO that is independent and has no US forces or would you prefer a united Germany with ties to NATO and assurances that there would be no extension of NATO’s current jurisdiction eastward?” The declassifiers of this memcon actually redacted Gorbachev’s response that indeed such an expansion would be “unacceptable” – but Baker’s letter to Kohl the next day, published in 1998 by the Germans, gives the quote.
nsarchive.gwu.edu
A look at the debate over NATO expansion eastward that's at the heart of conflict now : NPR
A look at the debate over NATO expansion eastward that's at the heart of conflict now Whether NATO should expand to include countries once under Soviet influence — including Ukraine — is a question that has dogged U.S. and Russian officials for 30 years. ... Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1078929982/1078929983" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player"> ... Whether NATO should expand to include countries once under Soviet influence — including Ukraine — is a question that has dogged U.S. and Russian officials for 30 years. ... There's a grievance at the heart of the standoff between NATO countries and Russia over Ukraine. Russians say the U.S. and its NATO allies broke a key pledge. They claim the West promised Russia in the 1990s that NATO would move not one inch to the east.
npr.org
NATO's Eastward Expansion: Is Vladimir Putin Right? - DER SPIEGEL
Vladimir Putin insists that the West cheated Russia by expanding NATO eastward following the end of the Cold War. Is there anything to his claims? The short answer: It's complicated. ... U.S. troops during a military exercise in Bavaria. The issue of NATO expansion has poisoned the relationship between the West and Moscow in recent decades. Foto: Armin Weigel / dpa · In September 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin wrote a long letter to U.S. President Bill Clinton. The letter, addressed to "Dear Bill," began with a mention of the two leaders’ "candid exchange of opinions." And then Yeltsin let loose. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic were interested in joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was a source of concern to the Russian president. Of course, Yeltsin noted, every country can decide for itself what alliance it would like to be a part of.
spiegel.de
Did NATO ‘betray’ Russia by expanding to the East?
The Kremlin claims the West broke a promise it made in the 1990s not to expand NATO, and is now using this claim to justify threats to invade Ukraine. Issued on: 30/01/2022 - 18:15Modified: 30/01/2022 - 18:18 ... Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a flower-laying ceremony marking the 78th anniversary of the end of the Leningrad siege in Saint Petersburg on January 27, 2022. © Alexey Nikolsky, Sputnik/AFP · One of Russia's consistent demands has been for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to stop expanding to the east and pledge never to include Kiev in the security alliance. But NATO has long insisted it has an open-door policy to any nation that meets its criteria for membership. The United States and NATO dismissed Moscow’s security demands as nonstarters in a written response to the Kremlin delivered last week by the US ambassador to Russia.
france24.com
Did NATO Promise Not to Enlarge? Gorbachev Says "No" | Brookings
When one reads the full text of the Woerner speech cited by Putin, it is clear that the secretary general’s comments referred to NATO forces in eastern Germany, not a broader commitment not to enlarge the Alliance. We now have a very authoritative voice from Moscow confirming this understanding. Russia behind the Headlines has published an interview with Gorbachev, who was Soviet president during the discussions and treaty negotiations concerning German reunification. The interviewer asked why Gorbachev did not “insist that the promises made to you [Gorbachev]—particularly U.S. Secretary of State James Baker’s promise that NATO would not expand into the East—be legally encoded?” Gorbachev replied: “The topic of ‘NATO expansion’ was not discussed at all, and it wasn’t brought up in those years. … Another issue we brought up was discussed: making sure that NATO’s military structures would not advance and that additional armed forces would not be deployed on the territory of the then-GDR after German reunification.
brookings.edu
Cato
cato.org
Exposing the myth of Western betrayal of Russia over NATO’s eastern enlargement - British Politics and Policy at LSE
As early as 1993, his predecessor, Boris Yeltsin, called NATO’s eastward expansion ‘illegal’. Four years later, Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov, a former adviser to Mikhail Gorbachev and head of Russia’s foreign intelligence service, stated that several Western leaders had ‘told Gorbachev that not one country leaving the Warsaw Pact would enter NATO’. Ten years after that, at the 2007 Munich Security Conference, Putin complained: ‘what happened to the assurances given by our Western partners after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact’? During the annexation of Crimea in 2014, he again spoke of the ‘treason’ of 1990. Then, amid massive Russian troop deployment on Ukraine’s eastern border in December 2021, Putin claimed that NATO has ‘brazenly betrayed’ his country with ‘five waves of expansion’ against Russian interests. ‘Not one inch eastward’ – and what it really meant ·
blogs.lse.ac.uk
How Gorbachev was misled over assurances against NATO expansion | NATO Watch
Declassified documents show security assurances against NATO expansion to Soviet leaders from Baker, Bush, Genscher, Kohl, Gates, Mitterrand, Thatcher, Hurd, Major and Woerner · On the 12 December 2017 the National Security Archive at George Washington University posted online 30 declassified US, Soviet, German, British and French documents revealing a torrent of assurances about Soviet security given by Western leaders to Gorbachev and other Soviet officials throughout the process of German unification in 1990 and on into 1991. Some of the documents have been publicly available for several years, others have been revealed as a result of Freedom of Information requests for the study. See the briefing here. US Secretary of State James Baker’s famous “not one inch eastward” assurance about NATO expansion in his meeting with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on 9 February 1990 was only part of a cascade of similar assurances.
natowatch.org
Russia’s belief in Nato ‘betrayal’ – and why it matters today | Russia | The Guardian
Russia throughout presented itself as a potential Nato member, but the US always saw this as a fantasy that would paralyse the alliance. The US often preferred to deflect rather than reject. The US administration in 1993 could have delayed Nato expansion, but supporters who saw it as a democratic right of the former Warsaw Pact countries defeated those who argued it would weaken both Russian support for arms control and the forces of reform inside Russia. Russia’s economy and politics were in ruins. “Not One Inch” details how Russian openness to Nato’s expansion often turned on the level of financial support provided by the US or Germany, support neither side described as bribes.
theguardian.com
Narrative X-ray: did NATO promise Russia not to expand eastwards? – Propastop
This is how Mikhail Gorbachev remembers the content of the conversation and he confirmed it in an interview in 2014): “The expansion of NATO was not discussed at all, it was not raised in those years. I say this with full responsibility.” · In 1996, in a very different political situation, compared to 1990, Yevgeny Primakov became the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Russia. The processes leading to Poland and Hungary joining NATO in 1999 were underway. Primakov had heard the “not one inch to the east” story and asked his team to search the archives for traces of Baker’s pledge. A memorandum has been drawn up, which has not yet been disclosed to the public, but the content of which apparently became known to the Americans, who drafted a counter-memorandum for their European embassies, which has now been disclosed. German historian Kristina Spohr finds that whatever the various Western leaders discussed with Gorbachev in 1990, these discussions were based on the assumption that the Soviet Union exists, and thus became insignificant with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
propastop.org
Fact-checking claims that NATO broke agreement on expansion
Russians have argued that comments made by U.S. and other Western leaders during the negotiations over the reunification of Germany constituted a promise that NATO would not extend beyond then-East Germany. Those allegations have sparked decades of debate amongst those involved in the events, and scholars studying them. Even scholars who say they believe western powers did offer the Soviet Union assurances about NATO expansion say Owens’ claim is misleading. ... Two days before Russia invaded Ukraine with an assault that intelligence officials had warned was coming, conservative commentator Candace Owens insisted that the U.S. was "at fault." "NATO (under direction from the United States) is violating previous agreements and expanding eastward," Owens said in the Feb. 22 tweet, which directed her more than 3 million followers to remarks from Russian President Vladimir Putin that she said showed "what’s actually going on."
politifact.com
Controversy regarding NATO's eastward expansion - Wikipedia
During these negotiations, representatives of the US and West Germany repeatedly linked the unification of Germany with the limitation of NATO expansion. On February 9, 1990, at a meeting with Shevardnadze, Baker said that the US favoured a united Germany remaining "firmly anchored" in NATO, with which there would have to be "iron-clad guarantees that NATO's jurisdiction or forces would not move eastward." Later that day, at a meeting with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, he acknowledged that "not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important to have guarantees that if the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO, not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction", and he asked Gorbachev whether he would prefer a united Germany "outside of NATO that is independent and has no US forces or [...] a united Germany with ties to NATO and assurances that there would be no extension of NATO's current jurisdiction eastward."
en.wikipedia.org
How NATO's expansion helped drive Putin to invade Ukraine : NPR
How NATO's expansion helped drive Putin to invade Ukraine Here is how the history of NATO, Russia and Ukraine got so complicated. ... The roots of Russia's invasion of Ukraine go back decades and run deep. The current conflict is more than one country fighting to take over another; it is — in the words of one U.S. official — a shift in "the world order." Here are some helpful stories to make sense of it all. Updated February 24, 20229:45 AM ET Originally published January 29, 20227:00 AM ET ... Russian President Vladimir Putin chairs a meeting with members of the U.N. Security Council via a videoconference at the Novo-Ogaryovo state residence outside Moscow on Friday. Alexey Nikolsky/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Alexey Nikolsky/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images · Russian President Vladimir Putin chairs a meeting with members of the U.N.
npr.org
Ukraine: the history behind Russia’s claim that Nato promised not to expand to the east
The main issue highlighted by the crisis on the Ukraine borders over the past few months has predominantly focused on the role of Nato and the friction over the eastward expansion of the alliance. This has been a constant message emerging from the Kremlin: that the Nato membership of many parts of the old Soviet Bloc, and the prospective membership of Ukraine to the alliance, poses a threat to Russian sovereignty. But the decision to accept former members of the Warsaw Pact, the defensive alliance which included the USSR and several eastern European countries, is being subject to a revisionist history. This is perpetuating a myth that Nato promised not to expand eastwards after the Soviet Union dissolved. In 2014, the former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev marked the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall by noting in an interview that that Nato’s enlargement “was not discussed at all” at the time: Not a single Eastern European country raised the issue, not even after the Warsaw Pact ceased to exist in 1991.
theconversation.com
‘There was no promise not to enlarge NATO’ - Harvard Law School | Harvard Law School
When thinking about global diplomacy and the factors that might have led to the Russian invasion, Zoellick harkens back to a comment made by his boss for eight years, James Baker, who served both as secretary of state and the treasury, as well as White House chief of staff: “As you address the problems of one era, you’re often planting the seeds for the next set of challenges. History doesn’t stop.” · More than 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Zoellick says the legacy of decisions made at the end of the Cold War are echoing throughout Europe today: “Would we keep NATO alive? Would it enlarge into Central and Eastern Europe? How far? What would be the effects on Russia of its loss of empire?” · “That leaves the question of whether the U.S. could have avoided Russia’s turn,” he says. The answer, he believes, depended on Russia’s choices.
hls.harvard.edu
Sympathy With the Devil: The Lie of NATO Expansion - CEPA
The Kremlin has accomplished something that it might have considered impossible: Western figures now echo its untruths about NATO.
cepa.org
Did NATO Expansion Really Cause Putin’s Invasion?
Twenty-three years later, President Putin has made Ukraine’s preliminary steps to joining NATO the principal grounds for the Russian invasion of Feb. 24, 2022. The alliance’s leaders have always made clear that it is up to each European country to make its own decision about membership. But the eastward expansion of NATO particularly inflamed Putin, who has claimed that Secretary of State James Baker and other Western leaders assured Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990, at the time a unified Germany joined NATO, that the alliance would expand “not one inch eastward.” · George Kennan would surely have understood Putin’s reaction.
afsa.org
r/AskHistorians on Reddit: Russia claims the US agreed to not expand NATO further east after the fall of the Soviet Union.
63 votes, 13 comments. I've heard for years that the US agreed to not expand NATO eastward after the Soviet Union broke apart from former…
reddit.com
reddit.com
Did The West Promise Moscow That NATO Would Not Expand? Well, It's Complicated.
Shortly after Russia's parliament endorsed the takeover of Crimea, Putin said in a speech that Russia was humiliated by NATO's expansion. "They have lied to us many times, made decisions behind our backs, placed us before an accomplished fact," he claimed. ... Among those who have fueled Russian claims of a promise was the last U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, Jack Matlock, who has repeatedly insisted, both in congressional testimony and more recently, that Gorbachev had received assurances that if Germany united, and stayed in NATO, the borders of NATO would not move eastward. But Wolfgang Ischinger, a former German ambassador and deputy foreign minister who is now head of the Munich Security Conference, said that agreements on German reunification, including the 1990 treaty known as the 2+4 Treaty, which formally paved the way for the two countries to become one again, made no mention of NATO enlargement.
rferl.org
Disinfo: NATO forgot its promise not to expand one inch to the East
NATO forgot the promises of James Baker, US Secretary of State in 1990, to Gorbachev, not to expand one inch to the east. In 1997, NATO called in the Madrid Summit on Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic to join the alliance. In a second round in 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia became members of NATO. Then came the US position on the Rose, Orange and Maidan revolutions, in the years 2003, 2004 and 2014, to put Washington and Moscow in violent confrontation. Recurring pro-Kremlin disinformation narrative about NATO enlargement, which aims to justify Russia's war of agression against Ukraine as an act of self defence. This claim has been debunked numerous times. NATO did not promise not to expand into eastern and central Europe back in 1990, which was confirmed by the former president of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev. Back in 2014, Gorbachev said “The topic of ‘NATO expansion was not discussed at all, and it wasn’t brought up in those years.
euvsdisinfo.eu
Not One Inch - Wikipedia
US Secretary of Defense William Perry and General John Shalikashvili had therefore proposed the Partnership for Peace, which Yeltsin was enthusiastic about. According to Sarotte, "skilled bureaucratic fighters" such as Antony Lake and Richard Holbrooke had immediately launched a full-scale attack on this proposal, which was supported by Madeleine Albright. After the Republicans' gains in the 1994 midterm elections, President Clinton abandoned the idea of a partnership, which he had previously advocated, in favor of NATO's eastward expansion, She attributes Clinton's reluctance to expand NATO immediately to his consideration for Yeltsin's public image because of the 1996 Russian presidential election. There had also been thought about what Yeltsin would demand in return for NATO expansion. In Clinton's departure from the original plan of a security partnership and in the non-fulfillment of the promise of the "Three Noes" to Yeltsin, Sarotte sees the veritable breach of a promise, not in "not one inch".
en.wikipedia.org
Controversy regarding NATO's eastward expansion - Wikipedia
During these negotiations, representatives of the US and West Germany repeatedly linked the unification of Germany with the limitation of NATO expansion. On February 9, 1990, at a meeting with Shevardnadze, Baker said that the US favoured a united Germany remaining "firmly anchored" in NATO, with which there would have to be "iron-clad guarantees that NATO's jurisdiction or forces would not move eastward." Later that day, at a meeting with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, he acknowledged that "not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important to have guarantees that if the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO, not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction", and he asked Gorbachev whether he would prefer a united Germany "outside of NATO that is independent and has no US forces or [...] a united Germany with ties to NATO and assurances that there would be no extension of NATO's current jurisdiction eastward."
en.wikipedia.org
Did NATO promise not to expand “an inch' towards east, towards Russia in return of Mikhail Gorbachev allowing German reunification and the ...
quora.com
The story behind Nato's Eastward Expansion - Implications for Ukraine and Global Security
The Nato headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. Vladimir Putin’s concerns over the bloc’s eastward expansion are used to justify his invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Dursun Aydemir/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images) ‘Nato’ was a little-talked-about acronym in 2021. In fact, for decades it has hardly been the go-to topic of dinner table conversation. This year, however, the noun seems to be on everyone’s lips, thanks to one Vladimir Putin. · “You promised us in the 1990s that [Nato] would not move an inch to the East. You cheated us shamelessly,” he said at a news conference in December. Since then, Putin has tirelessly invoked ‘Nato aggression’ as one of the reasons – if not the main reason – for his ongoing invasion of Ukraine. · So, what is Nato and why has it expanded so much over the past 30 years? · Today, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Nato) is an intergovernmental military alliance among the US, Canada and 28 European countries – but it was not always this large.
investmentmonitor.ai
DeepSearch: durchsuchte URLs
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2017-12-12/nato-expansion-what-gorbachev-heard-western-leaders-early
nsarchive.gwu.edu
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/did-nato-promise-not-to-enlarge-gorbachev-says-no/
brookings.edu
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/exposing-the-myth-of-western-betrayal-of-russia/
blogs.lse.ac.uk
Ja, ich weiß, eine Textwand, vermutlich wirst Du damit kommen und Dich weigern mit echten Fakten zu beschäftigen. Ich sehe es so, man kann jetzt mit Dir oder eben Personen wie Dir, die hier so "argumentieren" nun viele Tage "schreiben", viele Beiträge, noch mehr Beiträge, und auch das würde in Summe viel Text ergeben, ich spare mir den Spaß und gebe das einfach mal hier gleich in Summe raus.
Und ja, ich weiß auch, es ist Dir egal, meiner Meinung nach bist Du hier in keiner Weise an einer echten faktenbasierten Diskussion interessiert.